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A hundred prisoners, each uniquely identified by a number between 1 and 100, have
been sentenced to death. The director of the prison gives them a last chance. He has a cabinet
with 100 drawers (numbered 1 to 100). In each, he’ll place at random a card with a prisoner’s
number (all numbers different). Prisoners will be allowed to enter the room one after the other
and open, then close again, 50 drawers of their own choosing, but will not in any way be allowed
to communicate with one another afterwards. The goal of each prisoner is to locate the drawer
that contains his own number. If all prisoners succeed, then they will all be spared; if at least
one fails, they will all be executed.
There are two mathematicians among the prisoners. The first one, a pessimist, declares
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that their overall chances of success are only of the order of 1/2^100 = 8 · 10−31 . The second
one, a combinatorialist, claims he has a strategy for the prisoners, which has a greater than 30%
chance of success. Who is right?
我学组合学的时候,看到的一个例子
题目有不清楚的地方,我可以慢慢解释 |
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