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发表于 2021-4-19 00:22
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参考文献
[1] 类似的疑问最早是由P. Benacerraf提出的。参见P. Benacerraf: “Mathematical Truth”, 载于P. Benacerraf & H. Putnam (eds.): Philosophy of mathematics: Selected readings, Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed. 1983.
[2] 参见 G. Frege, The Foundations of Arithmetic: A Logico-Mathematical Enquiry into the Concept of Numbers, translated by J. L. Austin, Oxford: Blackwell, New York.
[3] 见D. Hilbert, “On the infinite”, 载于P. Benacerraf & H. Putnam (eds.): Philosophy of mathematics: Selected readings, Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed. 1983.
[4] 见 R. Carnap, “Empiricism, semantics, and ontology”, 载于P. Benacerraf & H. Putnam (eds.): Philosophy of mathematics: Selected readings, Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed. 1983.
[5] 参见 W. V. O. Quine, From a Logical Point of View, Harvard University Press, 1953, Ontological Relativity and Other Essays, Columbia University Press, 1969.
[6] 见 K. Godel, “What is Cantor’s continuum problem?”, 载于P. Benacerraf & H. Putnam (eds.): Philosophy of mathematics: Selected readings, Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed. 1983, "Is Mathematics Syntax of Language?", 载于 Kurt Gödel, Collected Works, Vol. 3. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
[7] 不完全性定理有一些技术上的条件,比如所考虑的公理系统至少包含足够的算术真理,同时又是所谓“可递归公理化的”。这些技术性条件在正常情况下都是成立的,所以为了通俗起见,我们在以下的叙述中将它们略去了。读者可以参考数理逻辑方面的教科书,如Herbert Enderton, A mathematical introduction to logic。
[8] 见Crispin Wright, Frege’s Conception of Numbers as Objects, Aberdeen University Press/Humanities Press, 1983, 与 “Is Hume’s Principle Analytic?”, 载于 Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, Vol. 41, no. 1, 1999.
[9] 见Steven Yablo,: ‘Abstract Objects: A Case Study’, Nous 220-240(36), 2002.
[10] 见 Hartry Field, Science without Numbers, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1980, ‘Which Undecidable Mathematical Sentences Have Determinate Truth Values?’, 载于 H. G. Dales and G. Oliveri (ed.), Truth in Mathematics, Oxford University Press,1998。
[11] 见 Penelope Maddy, ‘Mathematical Existence’, http://www.lps.uci.edu/home/fac- ... dy/ME%20-%20new.pdf, 2002
本文曾发表在《科学文化评论》2005年第4期。
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