The way of getting through those topics is to write things explicitly according to definitions and then manipulate them according to established laws.
Those topics are quite mechanical, although a little abstract, but not really tough.
Math Induction can only be used to show proposition with parameter n is true for all n in N. Since ∞ is not in N, (b) cannot be proven by induction
(c) the equality in (b) is valid:
Again, we need to agree on the definition of "infinite itself", to determine whether it';s contained in a set, we have to first define what it is.
After that I';d like to know what set contain infinite itself? Does R?